Master Carpenter, Brick Mason and Cabinetmaker
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James Davis and Ancestors
The
Davis family has been in Beaufort and Carteret County since William
Davis (1692-1756), son of James Davis (1669-1748) and Elizabeth White
came to this area in the early 1700s. According to family history,
William himself came to this country in 1700 from Wales and arrived in
Carteret County in 1715.
Stories
of Davis by Mabel Piner relates that William Davis was “of Welsh
descent, whose grandfather William Davis came to Virginia in 1622 on the
ship “Margaret and John.”
Other
sources claim that William Davis, carpenter, came to the Core Sound
area in 1736 after selling his land in Perquimans. According to Maurice
Davis' History of the Hammock House, Davis had sued Robert Cox in
Perquimans County after Cox had accused him of stealing an axe and
hiding it in a potato patch. Davis also noted, “It is interesting to
note that in March 1728 Joseph Wicker, Esq., Warden of the Anglican
Church, was ordered to pay William Davis for the construction of a new
[Beaufort] court house.”
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| Satellite View of Davis Island |
Historian Charles L. Paul wrote in Colonial Beaufort, "The years between 1725 and 1729 witnessed the construction of Beaufort's second courthouse. This courthouse was constructed by William Davis and served Carteret Precinct throughout the remainder of the colonial period." (Carteret Court Minutes)
In 1723, Joseph Wicker (1679-1743) came to Carteret County and bought a small island where he and his wife and children made their home. (According to Mr. Paul, Joseph Wicker, Carteret County's first Registrar, "owned numerous tracts of land in the county, including Davis Island, much of the Outer Banks across from Davis and, I assume, much of what is now Davis.")
On Moseley's 1733 map, Wicker's name was included on the east side of North River. When Joseph Wicker died, he left the island to his daughter, Mary, who had married William Davis about 1713. They raised eight sons and a daughter in what is still known today as the Davis Island family home. Their son Joseph Wicker Davis Sr. (1722-1792) was born in Pasquotank Precinct; he married Sarah Gaskill about 1754 in Carteret County. He was a captain in Col. William Thompson’s militia of 1771.
In 1723, Joseph Wicker (1679-1743) came to Carteret County and bought a small island where he and his wife and children made their home. (According to Mr. Paul, Joseph Wicker, Carteret County's first Registrar, "owned numerous tracts of land in the county, including Davis Island, much of the Outer Banks across from Davis and, I assume, much of what is now Davis.")
On Moseley's 1733 map, Wicker's name was included on the east side of North River. When Joseph Wicker died, he left the island to his daughter, Mary, who had married William Davis about 1713. They raised eight sons and a daughter in what is still known today as the Davis Island family home. Their son Joseph Wicker Davis Sr. (1722-1792) was born in Pasquotank Precinct; he married Sarah Gaskill about 1754 in Carteret County. He was a captain in Col. William Thompson’s militia of 1771.
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| Core Creek - North of Beaufort |
James
Davis was born on July 3, 1780 in Core Creek, Carteret County. He was
the eldest son of Joseph Wicker Davis Jr. (1755-1826 born and died on
Davis Island) and Susanna Stanton (1761-1827 born on the east side of the
Newport River), who were married in Carteret County in 1776.
James Davis’ known siblings, all born in a Quaker colony on the east side of the Newport River:
Abigail born 1777; Jacob (1784-1821) married Mary Stanton in 1808; Benjamin born 1786 married Margaret Morris; Jesse (1788-1859) married Alice Mace in 1810; Joseph born 1790; Susanna born 1791; Mary (1794-1836) married Silas Small in 1818; Esther (1797-1841) married Jesse Adams in 1816; Rhoda (1799-1863) married William Mace; Sarah (1801-1837); and Enoch (1803-1869) married Hannah Fuller.
James Davis’ known siblings, all born in a Quaker colony on the east side of the Newport River:
Abigail born 1777; Jacob (1784-1821) married Mary Stanton in 1808; Benjamin born 1786 married Margaret Morris; Jesse (1788-1859) married Alice Mace in 1810; Joseph born 1790; Susanna born 1791; Mary (1794-1836) married Silas Small in 1818; Esther (1797-1841) married Jesse Adams in 1816; Rhoda (1799-1863) married William Mace; Sarah (1801-1837); and Enoch (1803-1869) married Hannah Fuller.
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| Memorial marker for Joseph Wicker Davis 1755-1826 and Susanna Stanton Davis 1761-1827 Old Quaker Cemetery, Beaufort, NC |
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| James Davis 1780-1861 |
James Davis was received by request at Core Sound Quaker Monthly Meeting on March
5, 1791. He was later disowned by Quakers for marrying outside his
faith, but evidently remained in the general area. In
1803 he married Elizabeth Adams (1783-1868), daughter of Nathan Adams
and Mary Canaday, who were farmers in Core Creek. Their children are
noted below.
Becoming a skilled builder, Mr. Davis often referred to himself as an
“ar-chi-tech.” He left his mark on lots all over town—many
well-constructed homes that have weathered centuries of coastal
storms. One of Davis’ early structures was
Beaufort’s first “Market House,” built in 1812. He was also a brick mason at Fort Macon when it was built
(1826-1834).
From
his early years as a Beaufort builder, until his retirement, James
Davis and his carpenters did all their work by hand. When Davis built
these and other homes, up to the time of his retirement about 1850, there was still
no saw mill.*
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| Elizabeth Adams Davis 1783-1868 |
Ginny Costlow, owner of the 1817 Davis House on Ann Street, wrote of Davis' craftsmanship: “James Davis built his houses to last, using the ancient and time-honored technique of timber frame construction, more commonly known today as post and beam. This process involved framing out the structure using wooden pegs (treenails or trunnels) to secure the mortise and tenon joints, the pegs not only replacing scarce hand wrought nails but also allowing the house to breathe and move during the years of battering storms in this coastal climate.
“As further evidence of the remarkable materials and methods James Davis utilized in his construction practices, his own house at 201 Ann Street showed no evidence of damage to it's large sills when undergoing renovation this past spring. In fact, over it's nearly 200 year history, the only damage evidenced came from wear was to an addition in the early 20th century which used far inferior material from the original yellow long-leaf heart pine once growing in abundance in eastern North Carolina. In addition, when original sheathing was removed, there were ghost marks of another end wall, with its peg still visible in the corner brace - visible and intact.
“There is no question that the timber frame construction of builder James Davis was meant to stand the test of time; Beaufort is fortunate to have many surviving examples of his legacy.”
Houses Believed Built by James Davis
circa 1805-07 (1790 plaque)
205 Front Street
After
the death of James Wallace, Jane Gaskill Wallace, daughter of Valentine
Gaskill, married Micajah Pigott (1772-1807) in 1803; he died four years
later. Jane Pigott died in June 1810; in her will she left Thomas and
Esther Cooke what was then the Pigott family home,
corner of Front and Moore Streets—lot # 30 Olde Town.
In 1815, 28-year-old Capt. Thomas Cooke perished in a storm near Cape Lookout. When Esther died, she left the property to children, James Wallace Cooke and Harriet Wallace Cooke, who went to live with Uncle Henry Marchant Cooke at the Hammock House. Fifteen in 1827, James Wallace Cooke attended the US Naval Academy and eventually commanded C.S.S. Albemarle. Going to sea in 1834, James designated his portion of Old Town Lots 29 & 30 to sister Harriet, who sold to Benjamin Leecraft Perry in 1838. In 1875, John Hancock Nelson (1814-1876) purchased this home from Thomas Duncan for $2000. John's widow, Mehitable Mason Nelson, lived here until her death in 1916, when it was inherited by daughter Laura Closs Nelson and husband Thomas I. Duncan; they sold the property to Joseph House in 1922.
207 Front Street
Harriet Wallace Cooke sold the original house located on Old Town Lot 29 to Benjamin Leecraft Perry (1811-1868). In 1835, Capt. Perry married Elizabeth Vail Manney, daughter of Dr. James Manney. Recorded on censuses as a "merchant," Capt. Perry was one of the wealthiest men in Beaufort before the Civil War; 1860 census: real estate value $7000, personal estate $20,000. Many visitors boarded with Capt. Perry.
After their 1912 marriage, Julius Fletcher Duncan (1881-1963) and wife Frances E. "Fannie" Dudley (1876-1922) owned the old Perry home. When "Fannie" tired of the old house, in the early 1920s "Judge" Duncan hired a contractor to dramatically rebuild the structure. It has been said that many of the old framing members were recycled into the new house.
J. Forlaw House circa 1817 206 Ann Street
In 1817, John H. Forlaw (1797-1858) married Elizabeth Coale Bell, born about 1792 to Caleb Bell and Susannah Coale. John and Elizabeth had three sons and a daughter: Louis S. (1820-1901) married Martha Ann Smith in 1845, then Nancy L. Buckman in 1875; Jesse L., born about 1823, married Hester Ann Howland in 1848; John W., born about 1828, was noted with paralysis in 1880, living with his brother Louis. Charlotte D. Forlaw was born about 1832. About 1930, this became a boarding house, run by Maude Garner and Rose Ramsey, widowed daughters of William Rice and Susan James Longest.
105 Front Street
In 1804, a year after James Davis and Elizabeth Adams were married, Elizabeth’s father, Nathan Adams, acquired land on the west end of Front Street—half of lot 111 Old Town and sold it to his daughter. Six years later, in 1810, Nathan Adams sold James Davis the other half of the lot; Davis built the east end of the house. In 1820 Davis sold the property to Benjamin Tucker Howland, father of Elicia Howland Duncan. In 1832, Howland sold the property and his part of their business to his son-in-law Thomas Duncan IV—all for only $600. Sometime after 1832, Duncan built a ship store on the western end of the property. The two structures were joined before 1882.
In 1817, thirty-seven-year-old James Davis purchased lot #76 (201 Ann) from Sheriff Thomas Marshall for $3 in unpaid taxes. Davis had already built a few structures in Beaufort, including the first “Market House” (1812) and the westernmost Front Street house, where he and his family most likely resided while he was building his circa 1817 home on Ann Street.
circa 1827 - 117 Orange Street
Andrew Lee Hatchell, born in 1803, son of William Hatchell and Esther Green of Bogue Sound, found his way to Beaufort by 1826 and married Charity Fuller, daughter of Belcher Fuller and Zilphia Guthrie. In his 1827 will, Belcher Fuller left Old Town Lot 55 to daughter Charity. The home remained in the Hatsell family until 1910; at that time the house was rented by Fannie Duncan, with children David and Emily Frances Duncan.
The 1997 Little Survey described the Hatsell House as “one of the best preserved examples of the Beaufort two-story house. Traditional, Beaufort-style, two and one-half story house with engaged two-story porch with side-hall plan. Wide boxed eaves with returns, plain siding, single shoulder Flemish bond gable end chimney with glazed headers, 9/9, 9/6 and 6/6 sash and original chamfered porch posts with round railings.”
215 Moore Street
Davis’ home on Moore Street was the third house built for his own use, most likely constructed before 1826 when he sold his 1817 home on Ann Street. Though unique with its center chimney, five fireplaces and raised basement, where Davis had a cabinet shop, the circa 1829 Moore Street home was built as a traditional, Beaufort-style, side-gable coastal cottage.
Floors were laid with twelve-inch pine but the construction was simple—built with hand-hewn pegs and hand-wrought nails. Framing members were marked with roman numerals. The original oyster-plaster walls, including those above the mantle-free fireplaces, were most likely whitewashed.
William Jackson Potter, son of David and Mary Adams Potter, was born on October 31, 1801 in Anne Arundell County, Maryland. William came to Beaufort in 1827 to work as a brick mason during the construction of Fort Macon. It was there that he met James Davis, a Beaufort builder, who was also doing brick work at the fort. A year later, on October 8, 1828, William Jackson Potter married James and Elizabeth Adams Davis’ daughter, Elizabeth Harris Davis.
From 1828 to 1835, Potter supervised the building of the jail and Taylor Masonic Lodge, later the Odd Fellows Lodge on Turner Street; after working at Fort Macon during the day, he and other masons built the structures by torchlight. Potter not only served two terms as postmaster, 1840–1847 and 1853–1862, but was also a town commissioner in the years 1847 and 1853. In September 1855 Potter and others were involved in forming a new parish—St. Paul’s Episcopal Church.
W.J. Potter, Elizabeth Harris Davis and two of their children, Ella Jane and Stephen D. Potter were buried in the Old Quaker Cemetery.
Children of James and Elizabeth Harris Davis
Christopher A. Davis was born August 26, 1803. He married his second cousin Elizabeth Howland on October 18, 1828 in Carteret County, bondman John W. Morgan and witness G. Rumley; Elizabeth was on 15 years old. Christopher died on August 6, 1881. Elizabeth Thamer Howland was born March 14, 1813 in Georgetown, South Carolina to Benjamin Tucker Howland (1778-1862) and Elizabeth Throckmorton (1783-1854). Elizabeth T. Howland Davis died March 3, 1885.
Joel Henry Davis was born September 12, 1804. On March 4, 1829, he married Sarah Chadwick (1799-1869), daughter of James Chadwick (1761-1826) and Mary Ann Bell (1767-1838). James Chadwick was son of Thomas Martin Chadwick (1730-1802), who was son of whaler Samuel Chadwick (1695-1749). Mary Ann Bell was the daughter of William Coale Bell.
Joel Henry Sr. and Sarah had four known children: Frances J. born in 1829 married Henry Rieger, Laura (1834-1913) married William J. Carson, Joel Henry Jr. (1843-1913) married Sarah Chadwick Gibbs, and James Chadwick, noted below, married twice. Joel Henry Davis, a farmer turned merchant, died in Lennoxville, Carteret County, on August 18, 1868; buried in St. Paul's Episcopal Church Cemetery.
Joel Henry and Sarah’s son James Chadwick Davis (1837-1904) married Sallie Pasteur in 1861; they had three known daughters: Laura born in 1868, Carolina P. born in 1872 and Mary Ann born in 1865. Mary Ann (1865-1936) changed her name to Nannie Pasteur Davis sometime after her mother’s untimely death and before her 1885 marriage to Malachi Geffroy. From about 1900 until her death in 1936, Nannie Pasteur Geffroy used the 1817 James Davis House at 201 Ann Street as an office, infirmary and home as she dedicated herself as headmistress of St. Paul’s School.
James Chadwick Davis’ second marriage in 1877 was to Laura Gertrude Duncan (1853-1937), daughter of Thomas Duncan and Elicia Howland. J.C. and Laura had two known children, Sally Gertrude (1878-1944) married Sterling Price Hancock; their daughter Mattie King Hancock married Ernest J. Davis—the Mattie King Davis Gallery was named for her. Their other daughter, Etta P. born in 1879, married Halbert Lloyd Potter about 1899.
Mary Wicker Davis was born May 23, 1806 and died January 4, 1884.
Sarah Amanda Davis was born April 5, 1808 and died April 4, 1885.
Elizabeth Harris Davis was born January 19, 1810 in Core Creek. She married William Jackson Potter on October 8, 1828. Potter (1801-1886), son of David Potter and Mary Adams of Somerset County Maryland, came to Carteret County to work on the building of Fort Macon, where Elizabeth’s father James was also worked as a brick mason during that time (1826-1834). Potter was a merchant who also served two terms as postmaster. Elizabeth and Wm. J. Potter had ten children.
Susan J. Davis was born March 5, 1816. Susan married David B. Wharton (1801-1877) in 1840. In 1852 David and Susan Davis Wharton purchased property on Ann Street from Guy Buckman for $600. What may have initially been built as a single-family home, shortly afterward became a boarding house. In The Story of the Methodists in the Port of Beaufort, Amy Muse, noted “in 1852 our preacher, Abram Weaver, stayed with ‘Miss Susan’ Wharton on Anne Street.” The house was known for years as “The Jennie Bell House,” and later as the Guy Buckman House. Susan died May 11, 1881 in Carroll, Iowa.
Ann Canaday Davis was born April 3, 1817 and died October 10, 1832.
Joseph James Davis (1821–1877) was born January 29, 1821. In the 1860 census, Joseph James Davis was living in the Straits district in the home of David Wharton. Mr. Wharton was a farmer and at that time Davis is listed as a “mechanic.” As mentioned, Mrs. Wharton (Susan) was Joseph James’ sister. Joseph James married Louisa R. Arthur on February 13, 1862. The marriage was performed by Josiah F. Bell, justice of the peace; witness was James Rumley, clerk of court. Louisa was the daughter of Gilbert and Charlotte Arthur of Straits. Louisa evidently died prior to the 1870 census, where both Joseph James Davis and his brother William were noted as widowers. Joseph James Davis was appointed postmaster on June 9, 1862.
William Davis was born about 1823. William was recorded as a teacher in 1850 living with Davis family in Harlow’s Creek. By 1870, William was 47 and recorded as a widower and “Assistant Postmaster.”
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The Old Quaker Cemetery The
Old Quaker Cemetery, also known as Core Sound Meeting Burial Ground, is
located on NC 101 northeast of Beaufort, on the west side of the
highway, behind and south of Tuttle's Grove United Methodist Church.
James
and Elizabeth Adams Davis (headstones above), along with seven of their children, were buried in the
Davis family plot:
Christopher A. (1803–1881), Mary Wicker
(1806–1884), Sarah Amanda (1808–1885), Elizabeth Harris (1810–1904),
Susan J. (1816–1881), Ann Canaday (1817–1832) and Joseph James
(1826–1877).
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| Christopher A. Davis 1803–1881 |
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| Mary Wicker Davis 1806–1884 |
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| Sarah Amanda Davis 1808–1885 |
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| Elizabeth Harris Davis 1810–1904 with husband William Jackson Potter 1801-1886 |
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| Joseph James 1826–1877 |
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| Ann Canaday Davis 1817-1832 |
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| Susan J. Davis 1816–1881 |
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| William Borden 1689-1749 |
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| Joseph Borden 1769-1825 (son of Wm. Borden Jr. 1731-1799) |
*A sawmill was finally constructed sometime between 1843 and 1850; several men were involved from the beginning and it changed hands many times, until 1870, when Thomas Duncan became the outright owner.